Category Archives: Science

Maven orbiter, where are you? (10th Jan, 2026)

Preface: As of January 10, 2026, NASA has lost contact with the MAVEN spacecraft, and recovery efforts are currently paused due to an astronomical phenomenon known as solar conjunction.

Background: NASA’s MAVEN orbiter uses an Electra UHF transceiver to act as a crucial “bent pipe” communication relay, receiving data from rovers and landers on Mars (like Perseverance and Curiosity) and forwarding it to Earth, significantly boosting data return rates through its specialized radio system. This UHF (Ultra-High Frequency) link is ideal for short-range rover-to-orbiter communication, overcoming limitations of direct surface-to-Earth links by using MAVEN’s higher orbit and adaptive data rates.

NASA’s MAVEN spacecraft uses shielding, particularly Multi-Layer Insulation (MLI), to protect its sensitive instruments and electronics from the harsh space environment, including energetic particles from solar events like Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and solar wind.

Recent Hubble Space Telescope images of comet 3I/ATLAS in late 2025 revealed an “intriguing configuration” featuring a prominent sunward anti-tail and two additional, smaller jets, creating a structure of three evolving jets or anti-tails. Do these tail-like structures generate radio frequency (RF) frequencies?

Yes, the MeerKAT radio telescope successfully detected hydroxyl (OH) absorption lines at 1665 MHz and 1667 MHz from the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS in late 2025. These lines are characteristic of hydroxyl radicals (OH molecules), which are fragments of water molecules broken apart by solar radiation. This detection confirms the presence of these natural molecules in the comet’s atmosphere/tail.

In astrophysics, these specific frequencies are well known as the characteristic spectral lines (emissions) of the hydroxyl (OH) radical molecule. Astronomers observe these natural radio emissions from comets, nebulae, and other interstellar sources to study cosmic chemistry and dynamics. In this natural phenomenon, the emissions themselves act as the “signal” scientists detect, rather than a man-made carrier wave.

When solar wind coronal mass ejections mix with hydroxyl (OH) absorption lines, will any special effects occur?

When a coronal mass ejection (CME) or intense solar wind mixes with hydroxyl (OH) in an environment with little to no atmosphere (like the Moon or asteroids), it can lead to the formation of actual Hydroxyl groups (and potentially water) within the surface material. This process creates or enhances specific light absorption bands near 3 micrometers (µm) in the object’s reflectance spectrum, which can be observed remotely.

If the above details do not affect orbital flight operations, can we say that the Maven probe will appear soon?

NASA announcement: Please refer to the link for details – https://science.nasa.gov/blogs/maven/2025/12/23/nasa-works-maven-spacecraft-issue-ahead-of-solar-conjunction/

Additional: http://www.antihackingonline.com/science/upcoming-mars-solar-conjunction-around-late-december-2025-early-january-2026-will-further-delay-recovery-of-maven-efforts-26-12-2025/

Extraterrestrial life comes from an unknown universe. Interstellar objects also originate from the unknown universe. From a scientific perspective, there is some kind of connection between them. (31st Dec 2025)

Preface: On December 31, 2025, interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS is well past its closest approach to Earth (December 19, 2025) and is already heading back out of the solar system on a hyperbolic trajectory, still visible with telescopes in the Northern Hemisphere as it moves through the constellation Leo, offering a unique opportunity for astronomers to study this visitor from another star system before it disappears forever!

Background: An interstellar object discovered in July that is travelling at high speed and unlike anything seen before, touches on a fascinating area of modern astronomy, particularly the relatively new field of identifying celestial visitors from beyond our solar system. 3I/ATLAS carrying chemical clues that suggest its parent system was rich in carbon dioxide and possibly very old, originating from the Milky Way’s thick disk. While some of its anomalies sparked speculative discussions, the scientific consensus firmly identifies it as a fascinating, albeit unusual, natural comet. Its study is a goldmine for understanding the vast diversity of planetary formation processes across the galaxy. Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb has kept the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS at a Rank 4 on his Classification Scale (0-10, 10 being alien tech) because, despite numerous anomalies like an unusual anti-tail and unexplained mass loss, the data isn’t conclusive enough for a higher rating, though he believes its features suggest potential technological origin, keeping it significantly above natural comets like ‘Oumuamua, while awaiting more data from upcoming observations.

Mainstream perspective: The scientific definition based on causality is the cornerstone of scientific inquiry and the foundation of human understanding of the world. However, causality in science is not a simple definition. We may know that the 3I/ATLAS interstellar object does not have conclusive evidence that it is an extraterrestrial visitor. However, extraterrestrial life originates from an unknown universe. Interstellar objects also originate from this unknown universe. From a scientific perspective, there is some kind of connection between them.

Today is the last day of 2025. Perhaps it’s time to say goodbye to 2025.

Andrea Bocelli, Sarah Brightman – Time To Say Goodbye –

Upcoming Mars solar conjunction (around late December 2025/early January 2026) will further delay recovery of Maven efforts.(26-12-2025)

Preface: On Dec. 16 and 20, 2025 NASA’s Curiosity team used the rover’s Mastcam instrument in an attempt to image MAVEN’s reference orbit, but MAVEN was not detected.

The initial loss of contact on December 6, 2025, was due to a routine orbital blackout as MAVEN passed behind Mars, but an unspecified anomaly prevented signal reacquisition when it reemerged; however, the upcoming Mars solar conjunction (around late December 2025/early January 2026) will further delay recovery efforts, as the Sun blocks communication paths, but it wasn’t the cause of the initial December 6th silence.

Background: The Earth-Sun conjunction timing isn’t perfectly annual because Earth’s orbit is an ellipse (oval), not a perfect circle, causing its distance and speed to the Sun to vary, and long-term orbital changes (Milankovitch cycles) also shift dates slightly over millennia, meaning solar conjunctions (when the Sun is between Earth and another planet) and even peak closeness (perihelion) happen at different Earth-orbit points annually.

The planetary orbits are elliptical and speeds vary (Kepler’s Laws), but a solar conjunction (when a planet passes behind the Sun from Earth’s perspective) typically happens once per orbit for that specific planet, around every 1-2 years for inner planets, or 2-5 years for Mars, due to Earth catching up, not multiple times annually for the same planet because of its own varying speed; the elliptical nature and speed changes influence when and how often these conjunctions occur over years, making them predictable cycles, not random occurrences within a single year for one planet.

Remark: Mercury and Venus are inner planets

Official announcement: Please refer to the link for details – https://science.nasa.gov/blogs/maven/2025/12/23/nasa-works-maven-spacecraft-issue-ahead-of-solar-conjunction/

Additional: http://www.antihackingonline.com/science/if-3i-atlas-did-not-arise-naturally-then-advanced-civilizations-could-send-carrier-signals-to-interfere-with-mavens-signals-20th-dec-2025/

If 3I/ATLAS did not arise naturally, then advanced civilizations could send carrier signals to interfere with MAVEN’s signals.(20th Dec 2025)

Preface: NASA’s MAVEN spacecraft lost communication with Earth in early December 2025, shortly after observing the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS as it passed Mars in October, with the outage happening after MAVEN went behind Mars, though NASA has not officially linked the events, noting only that it was operating normally before the blackout and teams are investigating.

Background: MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) uses an Electra UHF transceiver for crucial communication relay services, acting as a “bent pipe” to send data from rovers like Perseverance and Curiosity back to Earth, significantly boosting data return rates for Mars surface missions, despite its highly elliptical orbit making it an important, flexible part of the Mars Relay Network alongside other orbiters like MRO and TGO.

Hypothesis: The Wow! signal was a strong narrowband radio signal .Every UHF narrowband radio signal is built around a carrier signal. A carrier signal at 1420.4556 MHz (the Hydrogen Line frequency) can definitely interfere with UHF communications, as it’s within the general UHF band (300 MHz – 3 GHz). If 3I/ATLAS did not arise naturally, then advanced civilizations could send carrier signals to interfere with MAVEN’s signals.

End of Content.

Idea that solar storms (CMEs) trigger earthquakes? (9th Dec 2025)

Preface: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) impact Earth’s magnetic field, and their effects depend on the intensity and direction of the CME. Mild impacts can cause minor disturbances (such as beautiful auroras), while severe impacts can lead to serious consequences such as power grid failures, satellite damage, and radio outages. They can even trigger widespread technological disruptions, as seen in the Carrington Event of 1859. Scientists closely monitor these geomagnetic storms and use a G1-G5 scale to predict their impacts. The effects of geomagnetic storms are wide-ranging, encompassing almost everything from GPS to the internet, especially in vulnerable areas with dense power transmission lines.

Background: On December 4, 2025, the Sun did produce an M6-class solar flare from sunspot AR 4300, which launched a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) likely directed at Earth, contributing to subsequent moderate geomagnetic storming and aurora displays around December 8-9, 2025. This event, combined with other flares from active regions like AR 4299, led to strong aurora alerts and impacts on satellites/radio.

Major earthquake strikes Japan’s north-east coast on 9th Dec 2025. The quake occurred at 23:15 (14:15 GMT) at a depth of 50km (31 miles), about 80km off the coast of the Aomori region.

Unproven causal relationship: While the idea that solar storms (CMEs) trigger earthquakes is popular, scientific consensus remains divided; major geological bodies like the USGS say there’s no proven link, but some research suggests statistically significant correlations where large solar events might precede earthquakes by influencing Earth’s magnetic field or triggering subterranean processes, though it’s not a direct, reliable cause-and-effect for short-term prediction. Earthquakes are primarily driven by internal tectonic forces, while solar events affect space weather, creating a complex interaction.

The effect of coronal mass ejections on the angle of Earth’s magnetic field: The Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) whose magnetic field is oriented less than 5 degrees (meaning very southward, opposite Earth’s) relative to Earth’s magnetic field is extremely serious, as it allows for efficient magnetic reconnection, dramatically enhancing geomagnetic storms, power grid failures, and satellite disruption. A CME’s “angle to Earth” refers to the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) direction within the CME; a southward orientation (small angle, like <5°) allows the fields to “lock” and merge, unleashing huge energy, whereas a northward orientation (large angle) deflects most of the solar plasma.

Headlines news: Please refer to the link for details – https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/japan-warns-3-metre-high-tsunami-after-magnitude-72-earthquake-2025-12-08/

As a viewer, what will I think about when 3I/ATLAS approaches Regulus in Leo on December 19, 2025? (6th Dec 2025)

Preface: Comet 3I/ATLAS will be near Regulus (the “Heart of the Lion”) in the constellation Leo around its closest approach to Earth on December 19, 2025, appearing just below the bright star in the early pre-dawn, east-northeast sky, though a telescope is needed to see the faint comet itself.

About 3I/ATLAS: 3I/ATLAS offers scientists a rare opportunity to glimpse the constituent elements of another star system, but it also exhibits some unusual features, such as high carbon dioxide content, nickel-rich dust, and exotic gas escapes, all of which challenge conventional comet theories, although mainstream science tends to believe it is a comet.

Regarding the unexplained phenomena – the questions raised by Dr. Loeb: Dr. Avi Loeb deduced that the interstellar astronomy 3I/ATLAS may have lost a significant amount of mass, possibly tens of billions of tons, especially near the Sun. He drew this conclusion from the object’s rapid brightening before perihelion and the lack of detectable non-gravitational acceleration.

Ref: To know if an object has non-gravitational acceleration, you calculate its expected orbital path based only on gravity and compare it to its actual observed path; any significant deviation reveals a non-gravitational force, often from outgassing in comets (like a rocket), requiring complex modeling of mass loss, momentum transfer, and sublimation rates to quantify.

Examples in Action: A rocket expels mass (hot gas) backward, gaining momentum in the forward direction (Newton’s Third Law).

As a viewer, what will I think about when 3I/ATLAS approaches Regulus in Leo on December 19, 2025?

From a technological perspective, if a highly advanced civilization were to explore our solar system, they would be astonished to find that Earth possesses an atmosphere to protect it from comet impacts. Furthermore, Earth has a magnetic field to shield it from solar storms. Perhaps even a highly advanced civilization would find this structure extraordinary. We also have the Moon to regulate Earth’s tides. Perhaps the 3I/ATLAS probe knows that this solar system is under the control of another highly advanced civilization.

Professor Loeb’s recent article – Please refer to the link for details –

https://medium.com/@avi-loeb/image-of-3i-atlas-from-the-juice-navigation-camera-7ef8a5ef5e30

Comets share similar characteristics. What makes Comet 3I/ATLAS special is that the main volatile substance in its coma is carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

Preface: In 14th April,1561, an unidentified flying objects (UFO) above Nuremberg, Germany. Above diagram shown a broadsheet news article printed in April 1561. Is it a coincidence? A pillar shape unknown flying object shown on the picture. As we know, in 1903 the Wright brothers had invented the first successful airplane. Talking about three hundred and fifty years ago, human being do not have airplane concept. As a result, when they seen similar shape of UFO. Perhaps they will only draw or use the key word pillar for description.

Point of view: 3I/ATLAS is unusual because carbon dioxide CO₂ is the dominant volatile material in its coma, with an observed ratio of CO₂ to water H₂O around 8 to 1. This is in contrast to most comets in our solar system, where water is typically the primary component.

Technical perspective: Compounds that release CO2 when heated include metal carbonates and bicarbonates, and organic compounds.

Hypothesis: If 3I/ATLAS is not a comet, and its coma contains volatile carbon dioxide (CO₂), what technology would have this effect?

Compounds that release CO2 when heated include metal carbonates and bicarbonates, and organic compounds.

Metal carbonates have several applications in nuclear facilities, including the removal of radionuclides from liquid waste via co-precipitation, use in the fabrication of nuclear fuel, and cleaning of condenser tubes.

The use of metal carbonates in nuclear fuel fabrication and condenser tube cleaning will likely release carbon dioxide CO2 under certain conditions, as both processes can involve heating. In nuclear fuel fabrication, metal carbonates can be heated, causing their decomposition into metal oxides and releasing CO2.

Humanity: Pride and Prejudice

The scientific community avoids discussing advanced civilizations to prevent conflicts with mainstream views and traditional cultures. However, many remnants of ancient civilizations exist on our planet that not made by mankind. Example. Puma Punku (at the junction of present-day Peru and Bolivia), The Temple of Bacchus is part of the Baalbek temple complex located in the broad Al-biqā (Bekaa Valley), Lebanon (stone base structure cannot build by human)……etc.

The most senior priests of the Dogon people have learned about a phenomenon four hundred years ago. The religious doctrines that have been circulated for four hundred years in the Dogon population contain a wealth of knowledge about a star. The star is invisible with the naked eye, even with a telescope. It is Sirius B star.

Current status of 3I/Atlas:  provided by Dr. Avi Loeb. (see below link):

https://avi-loeb.medium.com/a-remarkable-new-anomaly-of-3i-atlas-420065c2cddf

Question: A signal of approximately 1.667 GHz from the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS was detected [specifically at 1.665 GHz and 1.667 GHz]. (12th Nov 2025)

Preface: The space between stars is not a complete vacuum; it is filled with a sparse collection of gas and dust called the interstellar medium, which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium.

Background: When the water ice on a comet is heated by the Sun and vaporizes in the near-vacuum of space, the resulting water molecules in the comet’s coma are dissociated into hydroxyl (OH) radicals and hydrogen atoms (H) primarily by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation (photodissociation), not just by the heat itself or a simple mixing of oxygen and hydrogen.

The 1.667 GHz frequency is a prominent spectral line associated with the hydroxyl (OH) radical, not neutral hydrogen (H I). The primary, well-known radio emission line of neutral hydrogen is at approximately 1.420 GHz (1420.4 MHz), corresponding to a wavelength of 21 cm. 

The 1.667 GHz line is one of the main lines of the hydroxyl radical, specifically the OH main lines, which are often observed in interstellar medium studies using radio astronomy. These lines (1667 MHz and 1665 MHz) can be used as a probe of molecular gas.

Ref: The hydroxyl (OH) radical can be both naturally and artificially produced. It is generated in the atmosphere by reactions involving UV light and ozone, and in living organisms and industrial processes through mechanisms like the Fenton reaction. Artificial methods are used in applications like advanced oxidation processes for water treatment.

Technical standpoint by Prof. Loeb:

First Radio Signal from 3I/ATLAS: Absorption by Hydroxyl Radicals (OH Molecules) – Please refer to the link for details.

https://avi-loeb.medium.com/first-radio-signal-from-3i-atlas-absorption-by-hydroxyl-radicals-oh-molecules-0e0fc6e54732

Can we add more imagination to the 3I/ALTAS (the tail contains an iron-nickel alloy) – 10th Nov 2025

Preface: From the current state, if 3I/ATLAS is not a comet, but it did not travel with different dimensions. Therefore, it is possible to use thrusters.

Background: The nickel-iron alloys are used in components like reactor vessels and steam generators because they can withstand the extreme temperatures, pressures, and neutron bombardment within a reactor, and also have properties that are important for reactor longevity and safety. As a matter of fact, components of nickel-iron alloys (specifically their corrosion products) do appear in the cooling system steam of nuclear reactors.

Elon Musk made a statement along those lines on “The Joe Rogan Experience” podcast. He essentially argued that using solid nickel to construct a massive spaceship would be an illogical engineering choice due to the material’s weight.

But from a technical standpoint:

Nickel-iron alloy presence in emissions: This would not be in the form of gaseous nickel or iron atoms (they don’t volatilize easily at reactor conditions). Instead, it’s likely aerosolized particles or entrained droplets containing dissolved ions or microscopic corrosion fragments.

Spectral detection: Instruments like ATLAS can pick up elemental signatures in particulate matter, so the tail of the spectrum showing Ni/Fe is consistent with corrosion transport from reactor internals.

Yesterday, Professor Loeb gave a presentation entitled “The Remarkable Large-Scale Structure of Anti-Tail and Tail Jets from 3I/ATLAS.” He has a question for you.

Given these considerations, is 3I/ATLAS of natural or technological origin?

Please refer to the following link for details –

https://avi-loeb.medium.com/the-remarkable-large-scale-structure-of-anti-tail-and-tail-jets-from-3i-atlas-242c534cf7b3

Worth considering: The orbital plane of 3I/ATLAS is unusually precise with the Sun. (3rd Nov 2025)

Worth considering: The orbital plane of 3I/ATLAS is unusually precise with the Sun.

Preface: Researchers at the University of California, Riverside conducted an experiment that found that if a terrestrial planet existed between Mars and Jupiter, it could push Earth out of the solar system and destroy life on it.

Ref: The full research paper was published in the February 28, 2022 issue of The Planetary Science Journal (PSJ); the title is: The Dynamical Consequences of a Super-Earth in the Solar System

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/acbb6b/epub

Point of view: The orbit of 3I/ATLAS passthrough MARS and Jupiter.  This is the topic if we are interested to worth? Because the asteroid belt is a region of space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where most of the asteroids in our Solar System are found orbiting the Sun.

Between Mars and Jupiter lies the main asteroid belt, a dense region of millions of rocky and metallic asteroids that orbit the Sun but cannot form planets. This region marks the boundary between the rocky planets of the inner solar system and the gas giants of the outer solar system. The asteroid belt is very sparse, and spacecraft can easily pass through it; the largest object in it is the dwarf planet Ceres.

Ceres is a dwarf planet in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, discovered in 1801 by Giuseppe Piazzi. It is the largest object in the belt, composed of rock and ice, and was the first dwarf planet to be visited by a spacecraft (NASA’s Dawn mission). Evidence suggests that Ceres is a geologically active world, possibly containing an underground salty ocean, and may have once been able to support microbial life.

Do you think 3I/ATLAS is an advanced civilization probe? It came to our solar system to understand who we are. First, it wants to understand our solar system, especially the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter?

Professor Loeb provides the latest developments in 3I/Atlas

https://avi-loeb.medium.com/gravitational-lensing-of-3i-atlas-by-the-sun-f4ca18720d65