Preface: The space between stars is not a complete vacuum; it is filled with a sparse collection of gas and dust called the interstellar medium, which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium.

Background: When the water ice on a comet is heated by the Sun and vaporizes in the near-vacuum of space, the resulting water molecules in the comet’s coma are dissociated into hydroxyl (OH) radicals and hydrogen atoms (H) primarily by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation (photodissociation), not just by the heat itself or a simple mixing of oxygen and hydrogen.

The 1.667 GHz frequency is a prominent spectral line associated with the hydroxyl (OH) radical, not neutral hydrogen (H I). The primary, well-known radio emission line of neutral hydrogen is at approximately 1.420 GHz (1420.4 MHz), corresponding to a wavelength of 21 cm. 

The 1.667 GHz line is one of the main lines of the hydroxyl radical, specifically the OH main lines, which are often observed in interstellar medium studies using radio astronomy. These lines (1667 MHz and 1665 MHz) can be used as a probe of molecular gas.

Ref: The hydroxyl (OH) radical can be both naturally and artificially produced. It is generated in the atmosphere by reactions involving UV light and ozone, and in living organisms and industrial processes through mechanisms like the Fenton reaction. Artificial methods are used in applications like advanced oxidation processes for water treatment.

Technical standpoint by Prof. Loeb:

First Radio Signal from 3I/ATLAS: Absorption by Hydroxyl Radicals (OH Molecules) – Please refer to the link for details.

https://avi-loeb.medium.com/first-radio-signal-from-3i-atlas-absorption-by-hydroxyl-radicals-oh-molecules-0e0fc6e54732

Preface: From the current state, if 3I/ATLAS is not a comet, but it did not travel with different dimensions. Therefore, it is possible to use thrusters.

Background: The nickel-iron alloys are used in components like reactor vessels and steam generators because they can withstand the extreme temperatures, pressures, and neutron bombardment within a reactor, and also have properties that are important for reactor longevity and safety. As a matter of fact, components of nickel-iron alloys (specifically their corrosion products) do appear in the cooling system steam of nuclear reactors.

Elon Musk made a statement along those lines on “The Joe Rogan Experience” podcast. He essentially argued that using solid nickel to construct a massive spaceship would be an illogical engineering choice due to the material’s weight.

But from a technical standpoint:

Nickel-iron alloy presence in emissions: This would not be in the form of gaseous nickel or iron atoms (they don’t volatilize easily at reactor conditions). Instead, it’s likely aerosolized particles or entrained droplets containing dissolved ions or microscopic corrosion fragments.

Spectral detection: Instruments like ATLAS can pick up elemental signatures in particulate matter, so the tail of the spectrum showing Ni/Fe is consistent with corrosion transport from reactor internals.

Yesterday, Professor Loeb gave a presentation entitled “The Remarkable Large-Scale Structure of Anti-Tail and Tail Jets from 3I/ATLAS.” He has a question for you.

Given these considerations, is 3I/ATLAS of natural or technological origin?

Please refer to the following link for details –

https://avi-loeb.medium.com/the-remarkable-large-scale-structure-of-anti-tail-and-tail-jets-from-3i-atlas-242c534cf7b3

Worth considering: The orbital plane of 3I/ATLAS is unusually precise with the Sun.

Preface: Researchers at the University of California, Riverside conducted an experiment that found that if a terrestrial planet existed between Mars and Jupiter, it could push Earth out of the solar system and destroy life on it.

Ref: The full research paper was published in the February 28, 2022 issue of The Planetary Science Journal (PSJ); the title is: The Dynamical Consequences of a Super-Earth in the Solar System

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/acbb6b/epub

Point of view: The orbit of 3I/ATLAS passthrough MARS and Jupiter.  This is the topic if we are interested to worth? Because the asteroid belt is a region of space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where most of the asteroids in our Solar System are found orbiting the Sun.

Between Mars and Jupiter lies the main asteroid belt, a dense region of millions of rocky and metallic asteroids that orbit the Sun but cannot form planets. This region marks the boundary between the rocky planets of the inner solar system and the gas giants of the outer solar system. The asteroid belt is very sparse, and spacecraft can easily pass through it; the largest object in it is the dwarf planet Ceres.

Ceres is a dwarf planet in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, discovered in 1801 by Giuseppe Piazzi. It is the largest object in the belt, composed of rock and ice, and was the first dwarf planet to be visited by a spacecraft (NASA’s Dawn mission). Evidence suggests that Ceres is a geologically active world, possibly containing an underground salty ocean, and may have once been able to support microbial life.

Do you think 3I/ATLAS is an advanced civilization probe? It came to our solar system to understand who we are. First, it wants to understand our solar system, especially the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter?

Professor Loeb provides the latest developments in 3I/Atlas –

https://avi-loeb.medium.com/gravitational-lensing-of-3i-atlas-by-the-sun-f4ca18720d65

Preface: Avi Loeb speculates that 3I/ATLAS has a diameter of at least 5 kilometers and a mass of over 33 billion tons, although his models suggest the nucleus could be as large as 15 kilometers in diameter. He bases these estimates on the object’s lack of a non-gravitational acceleration, which indicates it’s a massive object, and on data from the Hubble Space Telescope.

On October 19, 2025, Avi Loeb is likely commenting on the near-perihelion approach of the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS and the recent analysis of its properties, particularly focusing on anomalies like its unusual chemical composition and trajectory that he argues suggest a potential artificial origin.

Background: According to NASA’s announcement, we have to say goodbye to this comet! However, Professor Loeb has also uncovered many unsolved mysteries. Because 3I/ATLAS is so far away from Earth, even the Hubble Space Telescope can only see a bright spot. Current parameters are derived from predictions and analysis of the solar spectrum. This is based on some unknowns (see below). Perhaps we can add our own imaginations as a record. Given the current timeline, we may only see this comet once in our lifetime!

a. The spectral analysis of the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS has shown the presence of atomic nickel vapor and cyanide gas in its tail, with preliminary findings also indicating an unusual abundance of nickel without iron. The high nickel-to-iron ratio is considered anomalous compared to naturally occurring comets and has led to speculation about the object’s origins.

Ref: Nickel is essential in space and nuclear power due to its high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, and mechanical strength. In space, nickel alloys are used in rocket engines, fuel tanks, and batteries, while in nuclear power, they are used for structural components, fuel rod cladding, and steam generators.

b. Comet 3I/ATLAS exhibits an unusual “anti-tail” that points toward the Sun.

c. While Loeb has theorized that 3I/ATLAS could be an alien probe, his team’s observations of the comet and its environment so far have not revealed any such fragment. Current images show faint features that are likely noise or other unrelated objects, and the team is continuing to monitor the object for any signs of disintegration.

Professor Loeb’s recent research on 3I/ATLAS: Please see the link for details  –

https://avi-loeb.medium.com/a-sunward-jet-from-3i-atlas-imaged-by-the-two-meter-twin-telescope-d37ba1808ed2

Preface: The WOW signal was detected at a frequency near the hydrogen line, around 1420 MHz. This specific frequency was favored by SETI researchers because it’s a “quiet” band of the electromagnetic spectrum, also known as the “water hole,” where transmissions are protected from terrestrial interference and are naturally emitted by the most common element in the universe, hydrogen.

Background: Harvard astrophysicist Avi Loeb suggests the interstellar object 3I/ATLAS is in the same general direction as the 1977 Wow! Signal, with the two aligning within about 9 degrees. This proximity has led to speculation, including Loeb’s call for radio astronomers to investigate if 3I/ATLAS is emitting any signals, though there is currently no direct scientific evidence linking the two events.

WOW signal –  This signal comes from the globular cluster M55 in Sagittarius.

M55 – M55 is not a constellation, but a globular cluster located in the constellation Sagittarius. Also known as the Specter Cluster or NGC 6809, it is an ancient ball of over 100,000 stars, around 12.5 billion years old.

From a scientific point of view, are there any questions?

Spectroscopic analysis of interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS has revealed the presence of nickel atoms, but notably without iron, which is a puzzling and anomalous observation compared to typical comets from our solar system and even the previous interstellar visitor 2I/Borisov. This unusual nickel-to-iron ratio is significantly higher and suggests nickel is released via photochemical processes, possibly from nickel carbonyls, rather than from the high-temperature sublimation of dust grains that would typically release both metals together.

Details provided by Professor Loeb – Please see the link for details:

https://avi-loeb.medium.com/why-is-the-orbital-plane-of-3i-atlas-inclined-by-5-degrees-relative-to-the-ecliptic-plane-3b07e5222bff

Preface: In 1976, Zecharia Sitchin published The Twelfth Planet, in which Sitchin translation Sumerian texts describing the planet Nibiru.

About the Myth: According to the late Zechariah Sitchin, the planet Nibiru of Sumerian mythology and its periodic close passes by Earth is thought to orbit the sun in an elongated ellipse with a period of 3,600 years.

The earliest evidence of Sumerian civilization began around

5300 BCE, meaning from the earliest point to 2025 CE is approximately 7,325 years. However, if you are referring to the flourishing of the civilization, the period of Sumer from its beginning in the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age around 5300 BCE to its downfall around 1940 BCE was roughly 3,360 years long

Status of 3I/ATLAS (4th Sep 2025)

On September 4, 2025, the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS was passing through the main asteroid belt, and it could be observed from Earth’s night sky with powerful space telescopes such as NASA’s Webb Space Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope, as well as large amateur telescopes equipped with specialized instruments.., and approaching its closest point to the Sun, which it will reach just inside Mars’s orbit in late October. While it will be unobservable for several weeks due to being too close to the Sun, it will reemerge in early December 2025 and continue its journey.

The Webb and Hubble teams, have observed interstellar object 3I/ATLAS and found it to be outgassing, though the process, or “outgassing,” in this case primarily involves carbon dioxide rather than water, which is a surprising and unusual finding compared to typical comets in our solar system. The team is analyzing data that confirms 3I/ATLAS is an active comet, with outgassing producing a coma of gas.

By analyzing the color of the light, specifically using spectroscopy, astronomers can determine the composition of this expelled material and learn about the object’s origin and the conditions in its home system.

End.

Quote: Hawking advised against active attempts to contact alien civilizations, which could be dangerous, arguing that an advanced alien race could see the same bacteria as humans, which could lead to catastrophic consequences if they discovered Earth.

Ref: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11462274/

Background: 3I/ATLAS, also known as C/2025 N1 and previously as A11pl3Z, is an interstellar comet discovered by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System station at Río Hurtado, Chile on 1 July 2025, when it was entering the inner Solar System at a distance of 4.5 astronomical units from the Sun.

Technical details: A team of researchers has presented the wild theory that an interstellar object might be hostile “alien technology” that could reach Earth in fall 2025. Below is the speculation based on evidences.

-3I/ATLAS orbital plane lies virtually in the Ecliptic, though retrogade, i = 175.11◦

-3I/ATLAS is too large to be an asteroid

-3I/ATLAS shows no evidence of cometary outgassing.

Ref: cometary outgassing provides the energy to push a comet away from the Sun. As a comet approaches the Sun, its icy nucleus warms, causing ices to sublimate and release gas and dust, forming a coma. This outgassing exerts a force on the comet, pushing it in the opposite direction of the escaping gas, which is a major factor in the comet’s trajectory.

– 3I/ATLAS approaches unusually close to Venus, Mars and Jupiter

– I/ATLAS achieves perihelion on the opposite side of the Sun to Earth

Remark: The Earth revolves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, and its closest point to the Sun is called perihelion.

– The optimal point to do a reverse Solar Oberth and stay bound to the Sun is at perihelion.

– 3I/ATLAS’s incoming radiant made it hard to detect sooner

The incoming radiant of comet 3I/ATLAS aligning with the Galactic Center, a bright and crowded region of the sky, made it difficult to detect, according to an Instagram post. This unusual entry path, coupled with the comet’s potential “silent propulsion” (lacking typical outgassing) and close encounters with planets, contributed to its delayed detection.

Technical papers announcement: The technical paper was published on the preprint server arXiv on July 16, 2025. For more information, please refer to the link – https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.12213

Yahoo headlines from July 27, 2025 https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/possibly-hostile-alien-object-could-023132776.html

Preface: When I was a kid watching Japanese science fiction TV series, the M78 Nebula is the location of the Kingdom of Light and the hometown of most Ultraman in the Kingdom of Light world. So believe that M78 Nebula was not real! At that time 70s, the internet technologies of today never been develop! The processor is 8087.

Background: The Orion Nebula, or Messier 42(NGC 1976), is a bright cloud of gas and dust in the Orion constellation, about 1,344 light-years from Earth. Orion Nebula is a diffuse nebula in the Milky Way situated south of Orion’s Belt in the constellation of Orion.

Messier 78 or M78, also known as NGC 2068, is a reflection nebula in the constellation Orion. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1780 and included by Charles Messier in his catalog of comet-like objects that same year.

The distance between Messier 78 and Messier 42 is approximately 250 light-years. Messier 42, also known as the Orion Nebula, is about 1,344 light-years away. Messier 78 is approximately 1,600 light-years away.

SETI observations in M78: Till today, there are no confirmed signals from Messier 78 detected by SETI that are widely accepted as evidence of extra-terrestrial intelligence. While the “Wow! signal” is a famous example of a strong, unexplained signal detected by a SETI project, it was not from Messier 78, and its origin remains a mystery. Subsequent searches in the same direction as the Wow! signal have not yielded any further detections.

Ref: SETI, which stands for Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence, is a scientific area focused on searching for evidence of civilizations beyond Earth. It involves using telescopes and other instruments to detect potential signals from other star systems that might indicate intelligent life. The SETI Institute is a non-profit research organization dedicated to this quest.

Supplement: The Wow! signal was a strong, narrow-band radio signal detected by the Big Ear radio telescope during a SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) project on August 15, 1977. It was so named because of the exclamation “Wow!” written on the computer printout by astronomer Jerry Ehman when he discovered the anomaly. The signal appeared to come from the direction of the constellation Sagittarius and exhibited characteristics that suggested an extraterrestrial origin, though its source remains unknown.

Question: If I assume that extraterrestrial life is real, why do they would it avoid contact with humans?

Official article: Please refer to the URL for details – https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/explore-the-night-sky/hubble-messier-catalog/messier-78/

Preface: In 1901, engineer Nikola Tesla made the astonishing claim that he was receiving radio communications from Mars. His description was picked up and reported on broadly in the press.

Reference URL – http://www.antihackingonline.com/science/a-hundred-years-later-communication-was-ready-to-receive-phone-call-again/

Background: Solar flares are a regular part of the solar cycle, which lasts about 11 years on average. In 1901, a major solar event was observed that was not a large storm, but a “huge solar disturbance” with visible Sunspots, bright spots and distinctive coronal disturbances.

A coronal disturbance, often in the form of a coronal mass ejection (CME), is a significant eruption of plasma and magnetic field from the Sun’s outer atmosphere, or corona. These disturbances can propagate through space and, if directed towards Earth, can cause geomagnetic storms and other space weather phenomena.

Ref: Geomagnetic storms, disturbances in Earth’s magnetic field caused by solar activity, can impact our planet in various ways, primarily affecting technology and infrastructure. While not directly harmful to humans due to our planet’s protective magnetic field and atmosphere, they can disrupt communication systems, navigation, and power grids.

Do you think Nikola Tesla encountered a solar flare 124 years ago? Or was the radio communication sent from Mars?

There was a large solar flare in April 1901, specifically on April 21, which was associated with bright faculae. This event was noted by observers and is possibly linked to a short-lived sunspot group. However, the more commonly referenced “huge solar disturbance” from 1901 is related to Nova Persei 1901, a bright nova that appeared in February 1901 and reached its peak brightness in September. The bright patch of faculae in April was likely a separate event.

Do you want to know what the solar flares are like this week?

In June 2025, NASA’s PUNCH mission (Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere) captured detailed images of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) as they erupted from the Sun. Additionally, NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) observed a strong solar flare on June 17, 2025.

Official announcement: Please see the link for details – https://science.nasa.gov/blogs/solar-cycle-25/2025/06/17/sun-releases-strong-flare-8/