Preface: The advantages of using Hydra and OmegaConf for configuration management are flexibility, reproducibility, and scalability. Hydra’s ability to override configurations at runtime from the command line and compose them from multiple sources makes it highly flexible.

NeMo uses Hydra/OmegaConf for configuration management, which supports interpolation and sometimes dynamic evaluation.

Background: NVIDIA NeMo is an end-to-end platform designed for developing and deploying generative AI models. This includes large language models (LLMs), vision language models (VLMs), video models, and speech AI. NeMo offers tools for data curation, fine-tuning, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), and inference, making it a comprehensive solution for creating enterprise-ready AI models. Here are some key capabilities of NeMo LLMs:

1. Customization: NeMo allows you to fine-tune pre-trained models to suit specific enterprise needs. This includes adding domain-specific knowledge and skills, and continuously improving the model with reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF).
2. Scalability: NeMo supports large-scale training and deployment across various environments, including cloud, data centers, and edge devices. This ensures high performance and flexibility for different use cases.
3. Foundation Models: NeMo offers a range of pre-trained foundation models, such as GPT-8, GPT-43, and GPT-530, which can be used for tasks like text classification, summarization, creative writing, and chatbots.
4. Data Curation: The platform includes tools for processing and curating large datasets, which helps improve the accuracy and relevance of the models.
5. Integration: NeMo can be integrated with other NVIDIA AI tools and services, providing a comprehensive ecosystem for AI development.

Vulnerability details:

CVE-2025-23361: NVIDIA NeMo Framework for all platforms contains a vulnerability in a script, where malicious input created by an attacker may cause improper control of code generation. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to code execution, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and data tampering.

CVE-2025-33178: NVIDIA NeMo Framework for all platforms contains a vulnerability in the bert services component where malicious data created by an attacker may cause a code injection. A successful exploit of this vulnerability may lead to Code execution, Escalation of privileges, Information disclosure, and Data tampering.

Ref: CVE-2025-33178 in the BERT services component is conceptually similar to CVE-2025-23361 in the LLM pretraining workflow. Both share the same underlying weakness: unsanitized dynamic code generation or execution based on user-controlled input.

Official announcement: Please see the official link for details – https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5718