Preface: When artificial intelligence gains enough intelligence, do you know what it will say if it knows that software or applications developed by humans have vulnerabilities? He would say “Fxxx”! Background: Docker Engine is the fundamental containerization engine that runs on servers and manages containers, while Docker Desktop is a developer-focused tool that includes Docker…

Preface: If successful, a path traversal attack may result in the following risks: Unauthorized data access: An attacker can gain access to sensitive files, such as configuration files, system files, or source code, which may include Credentials, application code and data, and sensitive operating system files. Background: NVIDIA NeMo™ is an end-to-end platform for developing…

Preface: Examples of side channel attacks include timing attacks, cache-based attacks, and network traffic analysis. Mitigating side channel attacks involves implementing secure coding practices, employing cryptographic algorithms resistant to side channels, and minimizing timing differences. Background: Cache side channel attacks can infer the secret information processed by the victim by measuring the victim’s cache usage…

Preface: OCFS2 is a file system. It allows users to store and retrieve data. The data is stored in files that are organized in a hierarchical directory tree. It is a POSIX compliant file system that supports the standard interfaces and the behavioral semantics as spelled out by that specification. Background: OCFS2 is a useful…

Preface: To redirect the standard error output of a command to a file in the Linux shell, you can use the “2>” operator followed by the name of the file where you want to redirect the stderr. Additionally, you can combine the stderr and stdout streams using the “2>&1” operator if you want to redirect…

Preface: Kafka understands only byte arrays. Kafka acts as a Broker to convert and transmit data over the network between producers and consumers. But it need a mechanism to convert data into a format that Kafka, producers and consumers can understand. Background: Apache Avro is a powerful data serialization framework that provides many useful features.…

Preface: OpenAI revealed that the project cost $100 million, took 100 days, and used 25,000 NVIDIA A100 GPUs. Each server equipped with these GPUs uses approximately 6.5 kW, so an estimated 50 GWh of energy is consumed during training. Background: Parallel processing is a method in computing of running two or more processors (CPUs) to…